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- *-- SHANA.TXT
- Author's note about Hebrew-calendar functions:
- My main source for these algorithms was "The Comprehensive
- Hebrew
- Calendar" by Arthur Spier, Third Revised Edition, Philipp Feldheim Inc.,
- Spring Valley, NY, 1986, but I never could have understood it without
- first, the fine materials given me by Dave Krajcar, ("Altsol"), of
- Alternative Solutions, Inc., at considerable personal expense and
- inconvenience, and second the simplified introduction provided by
- "Understanding the Jewish Calendar", by Rabbi Nathan Bushwick,
- Moznaim Publishing Corporation, Brooklyn, 1989. Any mistakes in
- applying the algorithms are entirely mine.
- The main function in importance is Roshashana ( sorry for
- the spelling, but the number of characters allowed in dBASE cannot
- exceed 10 ); I have no means of checking whether or not it works
- properly for periods outside the period 1900-2100.
- If you try to create a calendar, you will find that using
- these functions repeatedly is very slow because they are set up to
- recalculate Rosh Hashanah from scratch on each call. This is
- required by passing only the year as a parameter and returning only
- a date; you can easily adapt them so the date, hour and chalokim
- of each Molad Tishri and date of each Rosh Hashanah are saved in
- public variables between calls and made available to later calculations.
- Note also that given the date and time of one Molad Tishri,
- finding the next or previous one requires only adding or subtracting
- 12 or 13 times the length of a lunar month. Then, applying the
- dechiyoth to the date and time of the Molad Tishri will find Rosh
- Hashanah, and the dates of it and its predecessor can be used to find
- the kebiah. Given the kebiah and the date of Rosh Hashanah, the
- entire calendar is known and can be constructed from code like that
- in the latter part of the Dat2Heb() function.
- If using these functions for purposes such as figuring out
- when a boy is bar mitzvah, please remember some details: a child born
- after sundown has a Hebrew birthday matching the next civil day,
- anniversaries of events occurring in Adar follow special rules, and
- many congregations postpone the celebration if the birthday falls
- on the Sabbath or if the celebration would fall on certain major
- Sabbaths. In addition, see the notes to the Civildate() function
- about Heshvan and Kislev 30, particularly in connection with
- Yahrzeit, determining the anniversary of a death.
- I don't know Hebrew or Yiddish; my sources use different
- transliterations of words and I have in some cases used one form,
- in others another. If my spelling, or use of words such as "Hebrew"
- that have on too many occasions been used as epithets, gives offense,
- I apologize. Suggest more neutral terms that still convey what it
- is these functions do if you can; I look forward to hearing from
- you. Until then, please believe that I approached this from a
- sense of awe at a calendar so accurate and so old, and in a spirit
- perhaps akin to that quoted by Rabbi Bushwick from the Gemara,
- Shabbos 75b, "Anyone who has the ability to calculate the motions
- of the heavenly bodies and does not do so is refusing to see the
- greatness of God's work."
- Jay Parsons
- Bernardsville, NJ
- March 27, 1993 ( Nisan 5, 5753 )
-
-